NOTES: This shoe last factory, commissioned by Karl Benscheidt (1858-1947), is considered to be an important example of early modern architecture, especially as an early example of the use of curtain walling.
NOTES: The Bull Ring shopping centre was designed by the Birmingham City Architects Department and built between 1961 and 1964. The Rotunda was designed by James A. Roberts in 1964-1965.
NOTES: Joseph Paxton designed Sydenham Park as the garden setting for his Crystal Palace, which was erected in Hyde Park in 1851 for the Great Exhibition and rebuilt in a greatly enlarged and amended form at Sydenham in 1852-1854. Since this giant glasshouse stood at the summit of a very steep hill, Paxton chose a formal, terraced design, inspired by the Italian villa gardens he had seen whilst on the Grand Tour with the 6th Duke of Devonshire in 1838-1839.